time line of indonesia
1596 - First Dutch expedition to the Indies arrives in Banten
1611- VOC establishes trading post in Jayakerta (Jakarta - image above)
1873 - Dutch invasion of Aceh
1901 - Dutch Ethical Policy begins (under Queen Wilhelm)
1908- First nationalist organisation formed - Budi Utomo
1920- Indonesian Communist Party formed (PKI)
1928- Indonesian Nationalist Party formed (PNI)
1928 - Youth pledge adopted
1934- Sukarno sent into exile without trial
1942- Japan occupies Indonesia
1943-Peta (alliance of several political parties is established and will later form the nucleus of the Indonesian army)
1945-Japanese create an investigating committee to prepare Indonesia for independence
1945- Declaration of Independence by Sukarno and Hatta (Pancasila)
1947 - Australian troops deployed to Indonesia as part of "military observations", possibly the first peace-keeping effort.
1950- Indonesia admitted to the UN, sponsored by India and Australia
1965- Failed coup attempt.
1965-Soeharto appointed army commander
1966- Sukarno forced to resign (March 11 Order) handing over extraordinary powers to Soeharto, 100,000's massacred as having communist affiliations.
1975 - Indonesia invades East Timor
1975- Balibo five killed in East Timor (known then as Portugal/Timor)
1985-All organisations in Indonesia obliged to adopt pancasila
1989- Australia signs Timor Gap Treaty with Indonesia (will later be taken to international court by Portugal)
1998-Soeharto resigns and Habibie sworn in as president
1999-East Timor independence.
1999- Indonesia and Portugal hand over power to the UN to help East Timor (Timor-Leste) develop as an independent nation
1611- VOC establishes trading post in Jayakerta (Jakarta - image above)
1873 - Dutch invasion of Aceh
1901 - Dutch Ethical Policy begins (under Queen Wilhelm)
1908- First nationalist organisation formed - Budi Utomo
1920- Indonesian Communist Party formed (PKI)
1928- Indonesian Nationalist Party formed (PNI)
1928 - Youth pledge adopted
1934- Sukarno sent into exile without trial
1942- Japan occupies Indonesia
1943-Peta (alliance of several political parties is established and will later form the nucleus of the Indonesian army)
1945-Japanese create an investigating committee to prepare Indonesia for independence
1945- Declaration of Independence by Sukarno and Hatta (Pancasila)
1947 - Australian troops deployed to Indonesia as part of "military observations", possibly the first peace-keeping effort.
1950- Indonesia admitted to the UN, sponsored by India and Australia
1965- Failed coup attempt.
1965-Soeharto appointed army commander
1966- Sukarno forced to resign (March 11 Order) handing over extraordinary powers to Soeharto, 100,000's massacred as having communist affiliations.
1975 - Indonesia invades East Timor
1975- Balibo five killed in East Timor (known then as Portugal/Timor)
1985-All organisations in Indonesia obliged to adopt pancasila
1989- Australia signs Timor Gap Treaty with Indonesia (will later be taken to international court by Portugal)
1998-Soeharto resigns and Habibie sworn in as president
1999-East Timor independence.
1999- Indonesia and Portugal hand over power to the UN to help East Timor (Timor-Leste) develop as an independent nation
The time line provides a summary of some of the major events that have shaped Indonesia's unification and independence. Some of these events are important to study as they relate to the larger picture of East Timor's independence. As you can see both nations share a similar path, they were both colonised by foreign countries and ruled from afar, they were both occupied during WW2 by Japan and both sought independence.
Indonesia's claim to East Timor is based on the idea of East Timor always being part of Indonesia prior to the development of the modern nation-state. They claim that East Timor was a part of Indonesia prior to colonisation.
Historical thinking.
When Indonesia invades East Timor nine days after East Timor declares its independence from Portugal on 28 November 1975 we need to ask ourselves what interest does Indonesia have in East Timor. When Indonesia moves into East Timor it invests heavily into the area providing much needed infrastructure and services however we must ask ourselves what is Indonesia's motivation? How effective was this occupation/integration? We know that during Indonesia's occupation of East Timor approximately 102,000 deaths will result from conflict-related impact (these deaths include direct offences and the by-product of direct offences). This bloodshed tells us that there was much disharmony during that occupation. What can we say about that occupation? We also know that by 1985 President Soeharto seeks to apply pancasila broadly to all institutions. To what extent can we assume that pancasila was used as a form of propaganda in East Timor?
Indonesia's claim to East Timor is based on the idea of East Timor always being part of Indonesia prior to the development of the modern nation-state. They claim that East Timor was a part of Indonesia prior to colonisation.
Historical thinking.
When Indonesia invades East Timor nine days after East Timor declares its independence from Portugal on 28 November 1975 we need to ask ourselves what interest does Indonesia have in East Timor. When Indonesia moves into East Timor it invests heavily into the area providing much needed infrastructure and services however we must ask ourselves what is Indonesia's motivation? How effective was this occupation/integration? We know that during Indonesia's occupation of East Timor approximately 102,000 deaths will result from conflict-related impact (these deaths include direct offences and the by-product of direct offences). This bloodshed tells us that there was much disharmony during that occupation. What can we say about that occupation? We also know that by 1985 President Soeharto seeks to apply pancasila broadly to all institutions. To what extent can we assume that pancasila was used as a form of propaganda in East Timor?